EVOLUTION

I. NATURAL SELECTION


ORGANISMS ARE VARIABLE


SOME VARIATION IS HERITABLE


MORE OFFSPRING ARE PRODUCED THAN CAN SURVIVE


THE OFFISPRING ARE DIFFERENTIALLY ADAPTED


THE BEST ADAPTED SURVIVE TO REPRODUCE (FITNESS IS A MEASURE OF REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS)

II. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

III. RESPONSES TO PESTICIDES AND ANTIBIOTICS


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INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS

THE NICHE

COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

LIMITING FACTORS

LAW OF THE MINIMUM


CARRYING CAPACITY


PREDATOR / PREY INTERACTIONS

AVOIDING COPETITION (SEPARATION IN TIME AND SPACE)


BREEDING TIMES
BREEDING PLACES
SPACING
TERRITORIALITY

COEVOLUTION AND SYMBIOSIS

MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM

 

ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY

 

KEYSTONE SPECIES:

Wolf

Bison

Mycorrhizal Fungi

Alligator

HUMAN AND ANIMAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

R AND K SELECTION