WELCOME to Dr. SOPHIE GEORGE'S
HOMEPAGE
PROFESSOR, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY
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CONTENTS:
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I: RESEARCH INTERESTS
- Ingestion rates and the effect of mixed algal diets and
artificial diets
on larval growth and development to metamorphosis of echinoderms
- Behavioral and morphological changes of echinoderm larvae
exposed to
different salinity gradients (static and flow systems).
- Population dynamics and behavioral studies of fiddler crabs
and snails, and infaunal
abundance
and distribution at several marsh sites along the coast of Georgia.
- Research on shell use by juvenile fiddler crabs was supported by
the Savannah Presbytery M.K. Pentecost
Ecology Fund.
The sand dollar Mellita isometra. Sand dollars are
living
organisms
that face problems such as
1. unpredictable weather conditions , e.g. storms and hurricanes
2. starvation during the summer leads to mass mortalities
3. dying from exposure to heat during low tide
3. frequent problems of unsuccessful recruitment
4. outcompeted in deeper waters by other species
5. human influence through tourism, pollution
In 1998 thousands of sand dollars were removed at Tybee island
during the summer months when they are reproducing. The long term
effects
of collecting sand dollars indiscriminately on public beaches is
unknown.
Present results indicate that sand dollars collected from Tybee island
are much smaller and produce significantly larger eggs than on three
other
islands visited along the coast of Georgia. Long term monitoring
will reveal the causes for these differences and if need, steps taken
to
control the numbers of sand dollars removed during the spawning season
on some of the beaches. Below are sand dollars that were collected
prior
to the spawning season in 1999 and left on the beach to die.
Eventually
these sand dollars will find their way to souvenir shops or the trash
can.
There is thus an urgent need to document the reproductive biology of
this
species. See publication list below for 2003 article on sand
dollars
from Tybee island, Georgia. If you are interested please contact me
at the
email
address given below.
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| Sand dollars collected at Tybee Island, GA |
Collecting sea urchins for spawning at the University of South
Florida |
Experimental design for carotenoid and nucleotide expts. at
USF |
Coming up from a submersible dive in the Bahamas |
If you are an undergraduate
or
graduate student interested in any of these areas click on undergraduate/graduate
research
opportunities above
II: EDUCATION
1981. B. SC. (Hons) Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone,
West
Africa.
1984. "La Maitrise" Module en Océanographie
générale
et Océanologie biologique, University Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris
VI, France.
1987. Diplome D'Etude Approfondie, DEA, University Pierre et Marie
Curie, Paris VI, France.
1990. Doctorat de l'University, (Ph.D) University Pierre et Marie
Curie,
Paris VI, France.
1991-1992. Postdoctoral position: Friday Harbor Laboratories,
University
of Washington, USA
1993-1995. Postdoctoral position: Harbor Branch Oceanographic
Institution,
Florida, USA
1995 to 2007. Associate Professor, Biology Department, Georgia
Southern University
2007 to present. Professor, Biology Department, Georgia
Southern University
III: PUBLISHED ARTICLES
- Pia T.S., Johnson, T.A., George, S.B. in press. Salinity-induced
morphological changes in Pisaster
ochraceus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) larvae. Journal of
Plankton Research
- George, S.B., Carlson, Michelle., Regassa, L. 2010. Shell use by
juvenile fiddler crabs of Uca pugnax
and U. pugilator.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.
396: 35-41.
- George, S.B., Fox, Colleen, Wakeham, S.G. (2008) Fatty acid
composition of larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster
excentricus (Echinodermata) might reflect FA composition of the
diets Aquaculture 285: 167-173.
PDF
- Voronina, E,., Lopez, M., Song, J., Extavour, C., Gustafson, E.,
George, S.B., Oliviera, P., McClay, D., Wessel, G. (2008) Vasa protein
expression is restricted to the small micromeres of the sea urchin, but
is inducible in other lineages early in development. Developmental
Biology 314: 276-286.
- George, S.B. & Walker, Devoc. (2007) Short-term fluctuation
in salinity promotes rapid development and metamorphosis of Dendraster
excentricus larvae
Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology. 349:113-130. PDF
- Schiopu, D., George, S.B. & Castell, J. (2006) Ingestion
rates and
dietary lipids affect growth and fatty acid composition of Dendraster
excentricus
larvae. Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology. 328:47-75.PDF
- George, S.B., Lawrence, J. M. & A.L. Lawrence (2004)
Complete
larval development of the sea urchin Lytechinus
variegatus
fed an artificial feed. Aquaculture. 242:213-224.PDF
- Schiopu D. & George, S.B. (2004) Effect of salinity and algal
diet
on larval growth of the sand dollar Mellita
isometra.
Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. 45: 69-82.
- George, S.B. & Boone, S. (2003) Relationship between the
commensal
crab Dissodactylus mellitae
and the sand dollar Mellita isometra
Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology 294:
235-255.
- George, S. B., & Lawrence, J. M. (2002). The effects of
carotenoids
on egg production and larval development of the edible sea urchin Lytechinusvariegatus:
the role of adult and larval diets. World Aquaculture 33: 55-61.
- Lawrence, J. M., M. Tsushima, S. B. George, A. L. Lawrence, &
L.
Plank
(2002). Carotenoids and sea urchins. Panorama Acuicola 7: 24-25
- Emlet, R.B., Young, C.M., & George, S.B. (2002). In:
Invertebrate
Larval
Atlas: Echinoid Larvae (Phylum Echinodermata, class Echinoidea). London
Academic Press.
- Lawrence, J. M., A. L. Lawrence., S.C. McBridge., S. B. George.,
S.A.
Watts
& L. Plank (2001). Developments in the use of prepared feeds in sea
urchin aquaculture. World Aquaculture 34-39.
- George, S.B., J. M. Lawrence, A.L. Lawrence, J. Smiley. (2001).
The
role
of carotenoids on egg quality and development in the sea urchin Lytechinusvariegatus
Aquaculture 199: 353-369.
- Young C. M. & George, S. B.(2000) Complete description of the
larval
development of the bathyal echinoderm Aspidodiadema
jacobyi
implications for echinoid phylogeny Biological Bulletin 198:387-395.
- George, S. B., Lawrence, J.M., Lawrence, A.L, Ford, J.(2000).
Utilization
of a prepared feed for egg production in the sea urchin Lytechinusvariegatus
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. Vol: 31
- George, S. B. (1999) Egg size, larval growth, and phenotypic
plasticity
of a forcipulate seastar. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 237: 203-224. PDF
- George S. B. & Young, C. M.(1998) Can bathyal echinoids
maintain
the
production of high quality eggs regardless of diet? In Echinoderms:
proceedings
of the 9th International Echinoderm Conference, San Francisco, USA. R.
Mooi and M. Telford (eds.) Balkema, Rotterdam. pp.666.
- Maldonado, M, George, S. B., Young, C. M., Vaquerizo, I. (1997).
Depth
regulation in parenchymella larvae of a demosponge: relative roles of
skeletogenesis,
biochemical changes and behavior. Marine Ecology Progress Series 148:
115-124.
- George, S. B., Young C. M. and Fenaux, L. (1997). Proximate
composition
of eggs and larva of the sand dollar Encope
michelini
(Agassix):
the advantage of higher investment in planktotrophic eggs.
Invert.Reprod.
Develop. 32: 11-19.
- Young C. M., Devin, M. G., Jaeckle, W.B., M. G. Ekaratne, S. U.
K.
George,
S. B. (1996). The potential for ontogenetic vertical migration by
larvae
of bathyal echinoderms.Oceanologica Acta 19: 263-271.
- George, S. B. (1996). Echinoderm egg and larval quality as a
function
of
adult nutritional state. Oceanologica Acta 19: 297-308.
- George, S. B. 1994. Developmental plasticity in larvae of Luidiafoliolata
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In Echinoderms: proceedings of the 8th
International
Echinoderm Conference, Dijon, France. B. David (ed.)Balkema, Rotterdam.
pp:297-307.
- George, S. B. 1994. The Leptasterias
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
species complex: variation in reproductive investment. Marine Ecology
Progress
series 109: 95-98.
- George, S. B. 1994. Population differences in maternal size and
offspring
quality for Leptasterias
epichlora
(Brandt) (Echinodermata:
Asteroidea). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 175 : 121 - 131.
- Fenaux, L., George, S. B. Pedrotti, M. L. & Corre, M. C.
1991.
Différences
dans la succession des stades morphologiques du développement
larvaire
des échinides en relation avec l'environnement trophique des
adultes
et des larves.In Echinoderm Research, L. Scalera-Liaci and Canicatti
(eds.)
Balkema, Rotterdam pp: 173-180.
- George, S. B., Lawrence, J. M. & Fenaux, L. 1991. Effect of
food
ration
on the quality of eggs of Luidia
clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata
: Asteroidea). Invert. Reprod. Develop. 20: 237-242.
- George, S. B., Lawrence, J. M. & Fenaux, L. 1990. Effect of
starvation
and the time to first feeding on larvae of Luidia
clathrata
(Say) (Echinodermata : Asteroidea). In: De Ridder, C., Dubois, P.,
Layahe,
M. C. and Jangoux, M. (eds.). Echinoderm Research. Balkema, Rotterdam.
91-98.
- George, S. B., Cellario, C & Fenaux, L. 1990. Population
differences
in egg quality of Arbacia lixula
(Echinodermata : Echinoidea)
: proximate composition of eggs and larval development. J. Exp. Mar.
Biol.
Ecol. 141: 107-118.
- Cellario, C. & George, S. B. 1990. Second generation of Paracentrotuslividus
reared in the laboratory: egg quality tested. In: De Ridder, C.,
Dubois,
P., Layahe, M. C. and Jangoux, M. (eds.). Echinoderm Research. Balkema,
Rotterdam. 65-69.
- George, S. B. 1990. Population and seasonal differences in egg
quality
of Arbacia
lixula
(Echinodermata : Echinoidea)
Invert. Reprod.
Develop. 17: 111-121.
ECHINODERM WEB SITES
Echinoderm
news
letter
Sea
biscuit development by a Brazilian student
NEWS
- Depending on how you culture your larvae you could end up with
twins
i.e
sea urchin larvae and juveniles attached together
- Large numbers of seastars (300 -500 in a 20m2 area)
belonging
to the genus Luidia show up at Tybee Island, Georgia (2002)
- Recent popular press article on juvenile fiddler crabs (2010)
BBC EARTH NEWS
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Sheltered study site at FHL, WA
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Exposed study site at FHL, WA
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Larva of Lytechinus variegatus |
GSU Student visiting FHL, WA
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THANKS FOR VISITING THIS WEBSITE
Email address: georges@georgiasouthern.edu
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