WELCOME to Dr. SOPHIE GEORGE'S
HOMEPAGE
PROFESSOR, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY
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CONTENTS:
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I: RESEARCH INTERESTS
- Ingestion rates and the effect of mixed algal diets and
artificial diets on larval growth and development to metamorphosis of
echinoderms
- Behavioral and morphological changes of echinoderm larvae exposed
to different salinity gradients (static and flow systems).
- Population dynamics and behavioral studies of fiddler crabs and
snails, and infaunal abundance and distribution at several marsh sites
along the coast of Georgia.
- Research on shell use by juvenile fiddler crabs was supported by
the Savannah Presbytery M.K. Pentecost
Ecology Fund.
The sand dollar Mellita isometra. Sand dollars are
living organisms that face problems such as
1. unpredictable weather conditions , e.g. storms and hurricanes
2. starvation during the summer leads to mass mortalities
3. dying from exposure to heat during low tide
3. frequent problems of unsuccessful recruitment
4. outcompeted in deeper waters by other species
5. human influence through tourism, pollution
In 1998 thousands of sand dollars were removed at Tybee island
during the summer months when they are reproducing. The long term effects
of collecting sand dollars indiscriminately on public beaches is unknown.
Present results indicate that sand dollars collected from Tybee island are
much smaller and produce significantly larger eggs than on three other
islands visited along the coast of Georgia. Long term monitoring
will reveal the causes for these differences and if need, steps taken to
control the numbers of sand dollars removed during the spawning season on
some of the beaches. Below are sand dollars that were collected prior
to the spawning season in 1999 and left on the beach to die.
Eventually these sand dollars will find their way to souvenir shops or the
trash can. There is thus an urgent need to document the reproductive
biology of this species. See publication list below for 2003
article on sand dollars from Tybee island, Georgia. If you are
interested please contact me at the email address given below.
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| Sand dollars collected at Tybee Island, GA |
Collecting sea urchins for spawning at the University of South
Florida |
Experimental design for carotenoid and nucleotide expts. at USF |
Coming up from a submersible dive in the Bahamas |
If you are an undergraduate or
graduate student interested in any of these areas click on undergraduate/graduate
research
opportunities above
II: EDUCATION
1981. B. SC. (Hons) Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, West
Africa.
1984. "La Maitrise" Module en Océanographie générale et Océanologie
biologique, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France.
1987. Diplome D'Etude Approfondie, DEA, University Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris VI, France.
1990. Doctorat de l'University, (Ph.D) University Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris VI, France.
1991-1992. Postdoctoral position: Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of
Washington, USA
1993-1995. Postdoctoral position: Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution,
Florida, USA
1995 to 2007. Associate Professor, Biology Department, Georgia
Southern University
2007 to present. Professor, Biology Department, Georgia Southern University
III: PUBLISHED ARTICLES
- Pia T.S., Johnson, T.A., George, S.B. in press. Salinity-induced
morphological changes in Pisaster
ochraceus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) larvae. Journal of
Plankton Research
- George, S.B., Carlson, Michelle., Regassa, L. 2010. Shell use by
juvenile fiddler crabs of Uca pugnax
and U. pugilator.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.
396: 35-41.
- George, S.B., Fox, Colleen, Wakeham, S.G. (2008) Fatty acid
composition of larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster
excentricus (Echinodermata) might reflect FA composition of the
diets Aquaculture 285: 167-173.
PDF
- Voronina, E,., Lopez, M., Song, J., Extavour, C., Gustafson, E.,
George, S.B., Oliviera, P., McClay, D., Wessel, G. (2008) Vasa protein
expression is restricted to the small micromeres of the sea urchin, but
is inducible in other lineages early in development. Developmental
Biology 314: 276-286.
- George, S.B. & Walker, Devoc. (2007) Short-term fluctuation in
salinity promotes rapid development and metamorphosis of Dendraster
excentricus larvae Journal of experimental marine Biology and
Ecology. 349:113-130. PDF
- Schiopu, D., George, S.B. & Castell, J. (2006) Ingestion rates and
dietary lipids affect growth and fatty acid composition of Dendraster
excentricus larvae. Journal of experimental marine Biology and
Ecology. 328:47-75.PDF
- George, S.B., Lawrence, J. M. & A.L. Lawrence (2004)
Complete larval development of the sea urchin Lytechinus
variegatus fed an
artificial feed. Aquaculture. 242:213-224.PDF
- Schiopu D. & George, S.B. (2004) Effect of salinity and algal diet
on larval growth of the sand dollar Mellita
isometra.
Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. 45: 69-82.
- George, S.B. & Boone, S. (2003) Relationship between the commensal
crab Dissodactylus mellitae
and the sand dollar Mellita isometra
Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology 294: 235-255.
- George, S. B., & Lawrence, J. M. (2002). The effects of
carotenoids on egg production and larval development of the edible sea
urchin Lytechinusvariegatus:
the role of adult and larval diets. World Aquaculture 33: 55-61.
- Lawrence, J. M., M. Tsushima, S. B. George, A. L. Lawrence, & L.
Plank (2002). Carotenoids and sea urchins. Panorama Acuicola 7: 24-25
- Emlet, R.B., Young, C.M., & George, S.B. (2002). In: Invertebrate
Larval Atlas: Echinoid Larvae (Phylum Echinodermata, class Echinoidea).
London Academic Press.
- Lawrence, J. M., A. L. Lawrence., S.C. McBridge., S. B. George., S.A.
Watts & L. Plank (2001). Developments in the use of prepared feeds
in sea urchin aquaculture. World Aquaculture 34-39.
- George, S.B., J. M. Lawrence, A.L. Lawrence, J. Smiley. (2001). The
role of carotenoids on egg quality and development in the sea urchin Lytechinusvariegatus
Aquaculture 199: 353-369.
- Young C. M. & George, S. B.(2000) Complete description of the
larval development of the bathyal echinoderm Aspidodiadema
jacobyi implications for echinoid phylogeny Biological Bulletin
198:387-395.
- George, S. B., Lawrence, J.M., Lawrence, A.L, Ford, J.(2000).
Utilization of a prepared feed for egg production in the sea urchin Lytechinusvariegatus
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. Vol: 31
- George, S. B. (1999) Egg size, larval growth, and phenotypic
plasticity of a forcipulate seastar. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 237:
203-224. PDF
- George S. B. & Young, C. M.(1998) Can bathyal echinoids maintain
the production of high quality eggs regardless of diet? In Echinoderms:
proceedings of the 9th International Echinoderm Conference, San
Francisco, USA. R. Mooi and M. Telford (eds.) Balkema, Rotterdam.
pp.666.
- Maldonado, M, George, S. B., Young, C. M., Vaquerizo, I. (1997). Depth
regulation in parenchymella larvae of a demosponge: relative roles of
skeletogenesis, biochemical changes and behavior. Marine Ecology
Progress Series 148: 115-124.
- George, S. B., Young C. M. and Fenaux, L. (1997). Proximate
composition of eggs and larva of the sand dollar Encope
michelini
(Agassix): the advantage of higher investment in planktotrophic
eggs. Invert.Reprod. Develop. 32: 11-19.
- Young C. M., Devin, M. G., Jaeckle, W.B., M. G. Ekaratne, S. U. K.
George, S. B. (1996). The potential for ontogenetic vertical migration
by larvae of bathyal echinoderms.Oceanologica Acta 19: 263-271.
- George, S. B. (1996). Echinoderm egg and larval quality as a function
of adult nutritional state. Oceanologica Acta 19: 297-308.
- George, S. B. 1994. Developmental plasticity in larvae of Luidiafoliolata
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In Echinoderms: proceedings of the 8th
International Echinoderm Conference, Dijon, France. B. David
(ed.)Balkema, Rotterdam. pp:297-307.
- George, S. B. 1994. The Leptasterias
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea) species complex: variation in
reproductive investment. Marine Ecology Progress series 109: 95-98.
- George, S. B. 1994. Population differences in maternal size and
offspring quality for Leptasterias
epichlora (Brandt)
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 175 : 121 - 131.
- Fenaux, L., George, S. B. Pedrotti, M. L. & Corre, M. C. 1991.
Différences dans la succession des stades morphologiques du
développement larvaire des échinides en relation avec l'environnement
trophique des adultes et des larves.In Echinoderm Research, L.
Scalera-Liaci and Canicatti (eds.) Balkema, Rotterdam pp: 173-180.
- George, S. B., Lawrence, J. M. & Fenaux, L. 1991. Effect of food
ration on the quality of eggs of Luidia
clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata : Asteroidea). Invert. Reprod.
Develop. 20: 237-242.
- George, S. B., Lawrence, J. M. & Fenaux, L. 1990. Effect of
starvation and the time to first feeding on larvae of Luidia
clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata : Asteroidea). In: De Ridder,
C., Dubois, P., Layahe, M. C. and Jangoux, M. (eds.). Echinoderm
Research. Balkema, Rotterdam. 91-98.
- George, S. B., Cellario, C & Fenaux, L. 1990. Population
differences in egg quality of Arbacia
lixula (Echinodermata : Echinoidea) : proximate composition of
eggs and larval development. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 141: 107-118.
- Cellario, C. & George, S. B. 1990. Second generation of Paracentrotuslividus
reared in the laboratory: egg quality tested. In: De Ridder, C., Dubois,
P., Layahe, M. C. and Jangoux, M. (eds.). Echinoderm Research. Balkema,
Rotterdam. 65-69.
- George, S. B. 1990. Population and seasonal differences in egg quality
of Arbacia
lixula
(Echinodermata : Echinoidea) Invert. Reprod. Develop. 17:
111-121.
ECHINODERM WEB SITES
Echinoderm
news
letter
Sea
biscuit development by a Brazilian student
NEWS
- Depending on how you culture your larvae you could end up with twins
i.e sea urchin larvae and juveniles attached together
- Large numbers of seastars (300 -500 in a 20m2 area)
belonging to the genus Luidia show up at Tybee Island, Georgia
(2002)
- Recent popular press article on juvenile fiddler crabs (2010)
BBC EARTH NEWS
- Accredited
online colleges in Georgia
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Sheltered study site at FHL, WA
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Exposed study site at FHL, WA
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Larva of Lytechinus variegatus |
GSU Student visiting FHL, WA
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THANKS FOR VISITING THIS WEBSITE
Email address: georges@georgiasouthern.edu
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